Hammann v Run Imports Australia Pty Ltd [2016] FWC 1611 (15 March 2016) [2016] FWC 1611 FAIR WORK COMMISSION DECISION Fair Work Act 2009 s.365 —General protections Daniel Hammann v Run Imports Australia Pty Ltd (C2015/6851) DEPUTY PRESIDENT LAWRENCE SYDNEY, 14 MARCH 2016 Application to deal with contraventions involving dismissal. [1] On 7 October Mr Daniel Hammann (the Applicant) lodged a General Protections application involving a dismissal pursuant to s.365 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (the Act). The application alleged that the Applicant had been dismissed by Run Imports Australia Pty Ltd (the Respondent). [2] The Applicant commenced employment with the Respondent on 12 May 2015. He was a delivery driver in the Respondent’s import business in the south eastern suburbs of Melbourne. He says that he was dismissed on 12 May 2015 and the dismissal took effect on that day. [3] The application therefore was lodged two days out of time. Alleged Contravention [4] The Application refers to two accidents in company vehicles but the Applicant says that the reason for the dismissal was because he had complained about being underpaid with respect to overtime, sick leave, annual leave, superannuation etc. He had also raised a number of health and safety issues. In addition, the Applicant complained about being paid cash in hand and being pressured to be considered an independent contractor. Breaches of ss.340 , 343 and 344 are alleged. Respondent’s Submissions [5] The Respondent denies these allegations and further denies that there has been a breach of the General Protections provisions of the Act. [6] The Respondent states that the Applicant was dismissed because he damaged the Respondent’s vehicle on two occasions without reporting it. He also alleges that the Applicant did not present for work for five days without authorisation. Finally, he denies each of the underpayment allegations and says that the Applicant was not dismissed but failed to turn up for work. Relevant Legislation [7] Section 366 of the Act provides: 366 Time for application 366(1) An application under section 365 must be made: (a) within 21 days after the dismissal took effect; or (b) within such further period as the FWC allows under subsection (2). 366(2) The FWC may allow a further period if the FWC is satisfied that there are exceptional circumstances, taking into account: (a) the reason for the delay; and (b) any action taken by the person to dispute the dismissal; and (c) prejudice to the employer (including prejudice caused by the delay); and (d) the merits of the application; and (e) fairness as between the person and other persons in a like position.” Approach of the Commission [8] The considerations relevant to the assessment of whether exceptional circumstances exist have been dealt with by Full Benches (see: McConell v A & PM Fornatoro t/a Tony’s Plumbing Service (2011) 202 IR 59 ; Nulty v Blue Star Group Pty Ltd [2011] FWAFB 975 ; (2011) 203 IR 1; (Nulty) and Robinson v Interstate Transport Pty Ltd (2011) FWAFB 2728). The following useful summary was provided in Nulty: “[13] In summary, the expression "exceptional circumstances" has its ordinary meaning and requires consideration of all the circumstances. To be exceptional, circumstances must be out of the ordinary course, or unusual, or special, or uncommon but need not be unique, or unprecedented, or very rare. Circumstances will not be exceptional if they are regularly, or routinely, or normally encountered. Exceptional circumstances can include a single exceptional matter, a combination of exceptional factors or a combination of ordinary factors which, although individually of no particular significance, when taken together are seen as exceptional. It is not correct to construe "exceptional circumstances" as being only some unexpected occurrence, although frequently it will be. Nor is it correct to construe the plural "circumstances" as if it were only a singular occurrence, even though it can be a one off situation. The ordinary and natural meaning of "exceptional circumstances" includes a combination of factors which, when viewed together, may reasonably be seen as producing a situation which is out of the ordinary course, unusual, special or uncommon.” [9] The onus of establishing exceptional circumstances is on the Applicant who needs to provide a credible reason for the whole of the period that the application was delayed. (See: Cheval Properties Pty Ltd (t/as Penrith Hotel Motel) v Smithers [2010] FWAFB 7251 ; [2010] 197 IR 403). [10] This point was emphasised by the Full Bench in the recent decision of Diotti v Lenswood Cold Stores Co-op Society t/a Lenswood Organic [2016] FWCFB 349 which, although concerned with the unfair dismissal application, contained the following statement, which is equally applicable to a s.365 application: “[29] The appellant relies upon the Full Bench decision in Mitchell Shaw v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited T/A ANZ Bank [2015] FWCFB 287 (Shaw and ANZ), at paragraph [12] the majority decision states: ‘[12] This decision makes an important point which we consider deserves re-emphasising. The delay required to be considered is the period beyond the prescribed 21 day period for lodging an application. It does not include the period from the date of the dismissal to the end of the 21 day period. …’ [30] This extract must be read in its entirety. The decision goes on to state: ‘[12] … The circumstances from the time of the dismissal must be considered in order to determine whether there is a reason for the delay beyond the 21 day period and ultimately whether that reason constitutes exceptional circumstances.’ [31] Hence, the decision emphasised that while the delay to be considered is the period subsequent to the expiration of 21 days, the circumstances from the time of the dismissal must be considered in determining whether the reason for the delay constitutes exceptional circumstances. For example if an applicant is in hospital for the first 20 days of the 21 day period this would be a relevant consideration if the application was filed 2 days out of time as occurred in this matter. The reason for the delay by reference to the circumstances from the date the dismissal took effect is as expressed in Shaw and ANZ the correct approach.” Commission Proceedings [11] On 8 January 2016, the parties were advised by the Fair Work Commission (the Commission) that the application had not been made within 21 days of the dismissal taking effect. Directions were issued for the filing of witness statements and submissions as to whether the Commission should grant further time for lodgement pursuant to s.366(2) of the Act. The matter was listed for hearing on 5 February 2016. However, the parties agreed that the matter could be determined on the basis of the written submissions lodged. [12] The Applicant was self-represented. The Respondent was represented by Mr Sandeep Sangwan, solicitor. Matters to be taken into account pursuant to s.366(2) [13] In deciding whether to allow a further period for an application to be made the Commission must take into account the matters set out in s.366(2) above. I will deal with each of those matters separately. (a) The reason for the delay [14] The reason provided for the delay in lodging by the Applicant was lack of knowledge as to what to do. [15] This explanation falls well short of establishing exceptional circumstances. (b) Any action taken by the person to dispute the dismissal [16] There is no evidence that the Applicant took action to dispute the dismissal apart from lodging this application. (c) Prejudice to the employer (including prejudice caused by the delay) [17] Given the overall facts, the Respondent would be prejudiced by the time and costs involved in further litigation. (d) Merits of the application [18] The Applicant alleges that he was dismissed because he complained about underpayments and other breaches of industrial and health and safety legislation. Whether these occurred would need to be tested. [19] The Respondent says that the Applicant was not dismissed, rather he abandoned his employment. It further submits that this was done to avoid responsibility for the damage done to the two vehicles. [20] Given this conflict of evidence, I do not consider that the merits of the application give weight to the existence of exceptional circumstances. (e) Fairness as between the person and other persons in a like position [21] This factor was not addressed and has not been taken into account. Conclusion and Order [22] Having considered all of the factors set out in s.366(2), I am not satisfied that there are exceptional circumstances warranting the granting of a further period for the making of an application under s.366(2). Accordingly, the application is dismissed. Order Pursuant to s.587 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (the Act), the application made by Daniel Hammann under s.365 of the Act is dismissed. DEPUTY PRESIDENT Printed by authority of the Commonwealth Government Printer <Price code A, PR577976>