Unlawful termination (s772) — non-NES employees
doctrinal
FED
unlawful_termination_s772
branch: general_protections
Synthesis · 196 tagged cases
196 tagged decisions (140 as primary). Of primary decisions, the most common outcome is '(unspecified)' (109, 78%).
Outcome distribution
| Outcome | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Resolved (unspecified) | 109 | 78% |
| Against applicant dismissed | 13 | 9% |
| Against applicant dismissed_jurisdiction | 13 | 9% |
| For applicant granted | 4 | 3% |
| Resolved other | 1 | 1% |
By jurisdiction
| Court | n |
|---|---|
| Fair Work Commission | 139 |
| Industrial Magistrates Court | 14 |
| Fair Work Commission (Full Bench) | 13 |
| Federal Court of Australia | 5 |
| IRCA | 4 |
| Federal Magistrates Court (former) | 4 |
| Fair Work Australia (former) | 3 |
| Fair Work Australia (Full Bench, former) | 3 |
| Federal Court (Full Court) | 3 |
| NSWADT | 2 |
| ? | 2 |
| Federal Circuit Court of Australia | 2 |
| Australian Industrial Relations Commission (former) | 1 |
| High Court of Australia | 1 |
Key articulated principles · 12
para 15 — from [1995] HCA 24
High Court
A cause of action for damages for breach of statutory duty arises only where a statute, on its proper construction, is intended to provide a ground of civil liability; the Industrial Relations Act 1988 (Cth) discloses no such intention and indeed a contrary intention by providing specified enforcement mechanisms.
para 957 — from 2025 WAIRC 00146
WAIRC — Full Bench
A claim for enforcement of a provision in an industrial agreement for payment to an employee is a claim for enforcement of an existing legal right and necessarily invokes the exercise of judicial power, which falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Industrial Magistrate's Court under s83.
para 53 — from [2021] FWCFB 350
FWC — Full Bench
Where a person seeks to make an unlawful termination application on grounds that include both prohibited grounds (which could be pursued under general protections provisions) and grounds not prohibited under relevant anti-discrimination law (which cannot be pursued under general protections), the person must elect to pursue either a general protections application for the prohibited grounds or an unlawful termination application restricted to the non-prohibited grounds; combining all grounds in a single unlawful termination application is barred by s.723.
para 28 — from [2018] FWC 4245
FWC
A complaint under Commonwealth legislation that provides for complaint and investigation processes, and affords employment protections, constitutes 'an application or complaint under another law' for the purposes of s 732 of the Fair Work Act.
para 40 — from [2011] FMCA 189
FMCA (former)
Unlawful termination cases often present as more complex than their surface appearance, with considerations beyond simple misconduct analysis affecting whether termination breaches statutory protections, and require careful legal analysis of factual context and legal consequences.
para 49 — from [2025] FedCFamC2G 403
FedCFamC2G
Section 734(1) of the Fair Work Act prevents a general protections court application from being made in relation to conduct that does not involve dismissal if an AHRC complaint concerning substantially the same conduct is extant and has not been withdrawn or failed for want of jurisdiction.
para 6 — from [2026] FWCFB 16
FWC — Full Bench
Section 725 prevents multiple applications of different prescribed kinds in relation to the same dismissal; the point of the section is to restrict the ability of a person to pursue multiple causes of action in respect of the same dismissal.
para 6 — from [2026] FWCFB 16
FWC — Full Bench
For the purpose of s725, an application has not 'failed for want of jurisdiction' merely because it was dismissed after a member refused to grant an extension of time within a statutory deadline; the failure to extend time is a procedural dismissal, not a jurisdiction failure.
para 57 — from [2024] FWC 2201
FWC
Where a local government is not a national system employer and is not a constitutionally covered entity, an applicant is not precluded by section 723 of the Fair Work Act from bringing an unlawful termination application under section 773.
para 15 — from [2025] FWC 3760
FWC
There is no statutory basis to extrapolate a 'full-time equivalent' rate when applying the high income threshold; the threshold applies to actual earnings.
para 78 — from [2018] WAIRC 914
WAIRC — Single Commissioner
Where an entitlement arises under the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) (such as notice of termination), it cannot be recovered as a denied contractual benefit under WA jurisdiction but must be enforced in accordance with the Fair Work Act.
para 4 — from [2026] FWC 293
FWC
The test for incapacity to pay redundancy under s.120(1)(b)(ii) is whether the employer 'cannot pay the amount', not whether the employer would prefer not to pay or would make different business choices.
Leading cases · by citation count
| Citation | Court | Role | Cited |
|---|---|---|---|
| [1994] IRCA 2 | IRCA | primary | 23 |
| [2010] FWA 2481 | FWA (former) | primary | 2 |
| [2021] FWCFB 350 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 46 | FWC | primary | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 692 | FWC | primary | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 1503 | FWC | primary | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 2688 | FWC | primary | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 3116 | FWC | primary | 1 |
All tagged cases · 196
| Citation | Court | Role | Date | Outcome | Cited |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [1994] IRCA 2 | IRCA | primary | 1994-05-27 | 23 | |
| [2010] FWA 2481 | FWA (former) | primary | 2010-04-15 | For applicant | 2 |
| [2021] FWCFB 350 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2021-01-29 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 46 | FWC | primary | 2016-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 692 | FWC | primary | 2016-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 1503 | FWC | primary | 2016-01-01 | For applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 2688 | FWC | primary | 2016-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 3116 | FWC | primary | 2016-01-01 | Resolved | 1 |
| [2015] FWC 832 | FWC | primary | 2015-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2011] NSWADT 61 | NSWADT | primary | 2011-01-01 | 1 | |
| [1994] IRCA 43 | IRCA | primary | 1994-09-20 | 1 | |
| [2026] FWC 2566 | FWC | primary | 2026-07-08 | 0 | |
| [2026] FWC 2561 | FWC | primary | 2026-07-07 | 0 | |
| [2026] FWC 1942 | FWC | primary | 2026-06-10 | 0 | |
| [2026] FWC 1980 | FWC | primary | 2026-05-29 | 0 | |
| [2026] FWC 1848 | FWC | primary | 2026-05-21 | 0 | |
| [2026] FWC 90 | FWC | primary | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2026] FWC 731 | FWC | primary | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2026] FWCFB 16 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2026] FWCFB 64 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWCFB 88 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2025-05-12 | 0 | |
| [2025] FWC 151 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1062 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1131 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1502 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1701 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1851 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2015 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1996 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2315 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2460 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2832 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2697 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2933 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 3197 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 3199 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 556 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1511 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 3866 | FWC | primary | 2025-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 2201 | FWC | primary | 2024-09-19 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2024] FWCFB 236 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2024-04-26 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWCFB 430 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 148 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 180 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 423 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 460 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 945 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1053 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1441 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1471 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1559 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1606 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1667 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 1737 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 2174 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 2370 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 2457 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 2593 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 3085 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 3261 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 3315 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2024] FWC 3606 | FWC | primary | 2024-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWCFB 133 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2023-07-31 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWCFB 108 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2023-06-23 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 387 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 402 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 455 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 573 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 630 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 1963 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 2055 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 2112 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 2127 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2023] FWC 2590 | FWC | primary | 2023-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2021] FWC 6412 | FWC | primary | 2022-05-25 | 0 | |
| [2021] FWCFB 3908 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2021-07-07 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWCFB 6098 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2020-11-17 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 362 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 1474 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 1496 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 1660 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 1872 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 2533 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 3305 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 4394 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2020] FWC 5059 | FWC | primary | 2020-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2019] FWC 1079 | FWC | primary | 2019-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2019] FWC 2208 | FWC | primary | 2019-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2019] FWC 3906 | FWC | primary | 2019-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2019] FWC 4618 | FWC | primary | 2019-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2019] FWC 4777 | FWC | primary | 2019-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2018] FWC 2128 | FWC | primary | 2018-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2018] FWC 2611 | FWC | primary | 2018-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWCFB 4148 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2017-08-29 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWCFB 1906 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2017-04-24 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWCFB 436 | FWC — Full Bench | primary | 2017-01-20 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWC 321 | FWC | primary | 2017-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWC 1666 | FWC | primary | 2017-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWC 2473 | FWC | primary | 2017-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWC 2589 | FWC | primary | 2017-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWC 4289 | FWC | primary | 2017-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2017] FWC 5121 | FWC | primary | 2017-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2012] FWAFB 2104 | FWAFB | primary | 2012-03-13 | 0 | |
| [2011] FMCA 189 | FMCA (former) | primary | 2011-03-25 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2011] NSWADT 178 | NSWADT | primary | 2011-01-01 | 0 | |
| [2009] AIRC 647 | FWC | primary | 2009-09-29 | 0 | |
| [2007] AIRC 807 | FWC | primary | 2007-09-20 | 0 | |
| FWC | primary | 2006-02-07 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2005-05-03 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2005-04-19 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2005-04-19 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-11-16 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-10-14 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-09-02 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-08-27 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-07-23 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-04-20 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2004-02-10 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-11-11 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-09-11 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-09-04 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-08-07 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-07-16 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-07-14 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-06-23 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-05-27 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-05-02 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-04-10 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-03-26 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-02-28 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-01-10 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-01-09 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-01-06 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2003-01-03 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2001-10-25 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2001-04-26 | 0 | ||
| FWC | primary | 2001-03-16 | 0 | ||
| [1998] IRCA 15 | IRCA | primary | 1998-06-01 | 0 | |
| [1996] IRCA 258 | IRCA | primary | 1996-06-03 | 0 | |
| None | ? | primary | 0 | ||
| [2012] FCAFC 108 | Federal Court — Full Court | secondary | 2012-08-14 | Against applicant | 8 |
| [2019] FCAFC 16 | Federal Court — Full Court | secondary | 2019-02-08 | Against applicant | 6 |
| [2016] FWC 2575 | FWC | secondary | 2016-01-01 | For applicant | 2 |
| [2015] FCAFC 113 | Federal Court — Full Court | secondary | 2015-08-21 | Against applicant | 2 |
| [2012] FWAFB 1093 | FWAFB | secondary | 2012-02-21 | Against applicant | 2 |
| [2025] FCA 1107 | Federal Court | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2020] WAIRC 273 | Industrial Magistrates Court | secondary | 2020-05-15 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2019] FCCA 1847 | Federal Circuit Court | secondary | 2019-07-03 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 501 | FWC | secondary | 2016-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 3023 | FWC | secondary | 2016-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2012] FMCA 459 | FMCA (former) | secondary | 2012-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2011] FMCA 95 | FMCA (former) | secondary | 2011-02-25 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2011] FWA 45 | FWA (former) | secondary | 2011-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2010] FWAFB 4337 | FWAFB | secondary | 2010-06-11 | Resolved | 1 |
| [2009] AIRC 107 | AIRC (former) | secondary | 2009-02-03 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2026] FWC 293 | FWC | secondary | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2026] FWC 389 | FWC | secondary | 2026-01-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2026] FWC 1729 | FWC | secondary | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 152 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 896 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1007 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1814 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2203 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 2944 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 3001 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 3278 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 3557 | FWC | secondary | 2025-01-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2023] FedCFamC2G 593 | ? | secondary | 2023-07-12 | 0 | |
| [2021] WAIRC 189 | Industrial Magistrates Court | secondary | 2021-07-07 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2021] WAIRC 169 | Industrial Magistrates Court | secondary | 2021-06-23 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2020] FWC 3540 | FWC | secondary | 2020-07-07 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2019] FWC 106 | FWC | secondary | 2019-01-01 | Resolved | 0 |
| [2017] FWC 382 | FWC | secondary | 2017-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [1998] FCA 1168 | Federal Court | secondary | 1998-09-17 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [1995] HCA 24 | High Court | mentioned | 1995-10-11 | Resolved | 103 |
| [2010] FWA 3939 | FWA (former) | mentioned | 2010-05-25 | For applicant | 10 |
| [2013] FCA 908 | Federal Court | mentioned | 2013-09-10 | Resolved | 8 |
| [2022] FCA 87 | Federal Court | mentioned | 2022-01-01 | Resolved | 7 |
| [2024] WAIRC 220 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2024-05-17 | For applicant | 6 |
| 2024 WAIRC 01041 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2024-12-17 | Resolved | 3 |
| [2016] FWC 669 | FWC | mentioned | 2016-01-01 | For applicant | 2 |
| 2025 WAIRC 00349 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2025-06-13 | Resolved | 1 |
| [2019] FCCA 1471 | Federal Circuit Court | mentioned | 2019-05-30 | For applicant | 1 |
| [2017] WAIRC 17 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2017-01-12 | For applicant | 1 |
| [2016] FWC 2705 | FWC | mentioned | 2016-01-01 | Against applicant | 1 |
| [2013] FCA 467 | Federal Court | mentioned | 2013-05-17 | For applicant | 1 |
| 2026 WAIRC 00064 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2026-02-05 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2026] FWC 466 | FWC | mentioned | 2026-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| 2025 WAIRC 00722 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2025-08-27 | Resolved | 0 |
| 2025 WAIRC 00398 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2025-07-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| 2025 WAIRC 00323 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2025-05-07 | For applicant | 0 |
| 2025 WAIRC 00144 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2025-03-07 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2025] FWC 1227 | FWC | mentioned | 2025-01-01 | Against applicant | 0 |
| [2020] WAIRC 836 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2020-10-01 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2019] WAIRC 138 | Industrial Magistrates Court | mentioned | 2019-02-06 | For applicant | 0 |
| [2012] FMCA 44 | FMCA (former) | mentioned | 2012-01-01 | Resolved | 0 |